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Introduction. Phosphogypsum (PG) is a waste material generated during production of phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4) from phosphate rock rich in apatite [Ca 5 (PO 4) 3 OH] via reaction with sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4).Chemically, PG consists primarily of calcium sulfate dihydrate, CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O (Table 1).Worldwide, 100–280 Mt/year PG is …
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Sulfate-containing fertilizers, viz., ammonium sulfate, zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate, potassium sulfate, and gypsum, were initially evaluated at two different rates (10 and 20 mg kg−1 soil ...
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Mineral carbonation of phosphogypsum waste for production of useful carbonate and sulfate salts ... when gypsum is converted to ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4) with ammonia (NH3) and CO2, also solid calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is generated. ... The reaction extent of the described process was studied by thermodynamic modeling and …
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The phosphogypsum is considered by product from extraction process of sulphoric acid. The mereseberg process is used a waste of phosphogypsum with ammonium …
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(CaCO 3) and ammonium sulfate ((NH 4) 2 SO 4) is classifying in the top of the PG conversion and it's known generally by the Merseberg process ( Lachehab et al. 2022 ). This process was realized ...
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Phosphogypsum (PG) is a by-product of the phosphate fertilizer industry that is produced during the phosphoric acid production process. Annual global PG production ranges between 100 to 300 Mt ...
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The effect of CO 2 excess ratio on the pressured phosphogypsum carbonation process is evaluated by increasing the mass flow of initial inputted CO 2 with the CO 2 excess ratio from 0.92 to 1.10. ... Accordingly, more water needs to be evaporated in the production of ammonium sulfate fertilizer, thereby leading to high energy …
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6. Textile Industry: Ammonium sulfate is utilized in the textile sector for various processes. Textile Dyeing: It is used as a mordant in textile dyeing processes to improve the fixation of dyes on fibers. Synthetic Fiber Production: Ammonium sulfate is used in the production of synthetic fibers like nylon. 7.
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Phosphogypsum (PG) is a solid waste generated during the production of wet -process phosphoric acid.The silicon and phosphorus impurities in PG greatly affect its resource utilization.In this study, these impurities were removed at atmospheric pressure using a two-step gradient method that simultaneously converted the calcium sulfate …
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First, ammonium sulfate is generated by the reaction between PG and ammonium carbonate in the fertilizer, which increases the fertilizer's stability. The …
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Portlandite (Ca(OH)2) preparation from phosphogypsum waste (PGW) was evaluated in numerous works; however, the use of this compound is not applied yet in the brine water salinity reduction. In this work, the purity of Ca(OH)2 prepared from PGW and soda aqueous solution was tested for different NaOH/PG molar ratios (MR) close to …
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Although an ammonium sulphate production is foreseen with the evaluation of carbon dioxide and phosphogypsum waste with the Merseburg process, the effect of the impurity content of the waste ...
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The process for manufacture of ammonium sulfate from gypsum, known as the Merseburg Process, named for the town in Germany where it was developed, has been commercially produced in plants in Austria, India, Pakistan and the United Kingdom in the past. It is based on reacting ammonia and carbon dioxide to produce ammonium …
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Phosphogypsum Two-Step Ammonia-Carbonation Resulting in Ammonium Sulfate and Calcium Carbonate Synthesis: Effect of the Molar Ratio OH−/Ca2+ on the Conversion Process March 2022 Waste and ...
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A new preparing process for K 2SO 4 from (NH 4) 2SO 4 was developed. The effects of the raw material mole ratio, reaction temperature,crystal temperature, time and crystal improver on the comversion of the raw material and the compoisition of products were studied through orthogonal experiment and individual experiments. Meanwhile, the optimal …
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Studying the conversion of local natural gypsum and phosphogypsum, categorized as a byproduct of extracting phosphoric acid (EPA), into ammonium carbonate through a …
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Phosphogypsum (PG) is a bulk industrial solid waste of wet-process phosphoric acid production. Every ton of phosphoric acid production generates as many as 4–6 tons of PG, including more than 90% of CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O, a small amount of phosphorus, fluorine, organic matter, oxides, heavy metals, radioactive substances and other impurities that ...
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Phosphogypsum stand for the chemical origin gypsum generated in fertilizers production, in which phosphate rock is attacked by sulfuric acid resulting in phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and phosphate ...
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Phosphogypsum (PG) waste is a by-product generated from wet-process phosphoric acid (H3PO4) manufacturing during phosphate rock decomposition. Worldwide, the annual production of PG ranges between 100 and 300 million tons, with only a few quantities utilized in several application domains (about 15%), the unused PG is usually …
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Abstract This study presents an efficient and sustainable procedure for converting phosphogypsum (PG) waste, along with hydrofluoric acid (HF) and ammonia (NH3), into valuable materials. The results obtained demonstrate the high efficiency of this proposed procedure, resulting in the synthesis of relatively pure calcium fluoride (CaF2) …
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Two synthesis methods were used for the conversion of phosphogypsum to ammonium sulfate and calcium carbonate: (i) Two-step method: it consists of reacting …
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Phosphogypsum (PG) is the main by-product of phosphoric acid, which is produced by the sulfuric acid attack of phosphate rocks, wet process. This by-product, which contains around 2.0% phosphoric ...
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The phosphogypsum is considered by product from extraction processof sulphoric acid. The mereseberg process is used a waste of phosphogypsum withammonium …
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Phosphogypsum Two-Step Ammonia-Carbonation Resulting in Ammonium Sulfate and Calcium Carbonate Synthesis: Effect of the Molar Ratio OH−/Ca2+ on the Conversion …
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The production of ammonium sulfate fertilizer from phosphogypsum is studied. The phosphogypsum is considered by product from extraction process of sulphoric acid. The mereseberg process is used a waste of phosphogypsum with ammonium carbonate to produce ammonium sulfate as a main product and calcium carbonate as a byproduct. …
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One partial solution to this problem may be conversion of phosphogypsum to ammonium sulfate by the so-called Merseberg ammonocarbonation process. Ammonium sulfate is an excellent fertilizer which supplies sulfur as well as nitrogen to soils. ... The trial production results from demonstration plant for production of ammonium sulfate …
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Phosphogypsum(PG) CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O is a by-product of phosphate ore processing, phosphate fertilizer and compound fertilizer containing phosphorus, and wet phosphoric acid production, which is acidic (pH = 1–4.5) and poorly mobile (Zirnea et al. 2013).The reaction of PG generated in the wet process of phosphoric acid production …
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Section snippets The Phosphogypsum process. Potassium sulfate can be produced by the double decomposition reaction of potassium chloride and phosphogypsum in aqueous ammonia solution at low temperatures. 2 KCl + CaSO 4 ·2 H 2 O → K 2 SO 4 + CaCl 2 +2 H 2 O The presence of ammonia prevents the formation of …
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Semantic Scholar extracted view of "Ammonium sulfate preparation from phosphogypsum waste" by A. Kandil et al. ... {Ammonium sulfate preparation from phosphogypsum waste}, author={Abdelhakim Kandil and Mohamed F. Cheira and Hady S. Gado and Madiha H. Soliman and Hesham M. Akl}, journal={Journal of Radiation …
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Urease-producing L. sphaericus strain GUMP2 could be used to remove the hazardous phosphogypsum from the environment by converting it to the industrially useful CaCO 3 and ammonium sulfate, a valuable agricultural fertilizer. This novel and sustainable approach could be a promising solution for the hazardous phosphogypsum in the …
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